Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires continuous treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and play sports. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes and which products you should completely refuse.
If there is a significant deterioration of well-being, ill-treatment, constant thirst and, moreover, unquenchable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially in the area of the legs and hips, you should immediately contact an endocrinologist and undergoan examination. These symptoms signal the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and serious, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with an illness. To normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you need to follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
The pathology can develop both in an adult and in a child. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
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What can you drink with diabetes?
Most patients try to watch their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of the drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want to drink, you should give priority to the following drinks:
- non-carbonated mineral water or purified water;
- sugar-free juices;
- jelly;
- compost;
- weak teas;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juices (but only diluted);
- skimmed milk products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic rules of healthy eating
Every diabetic, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with a deterioration of general well-being.
Each diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy is supposed to:
- limiting the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reducing calorie intake;
- use of fortified food;
- five to six meals a day;
- meals at the same time;
- enriching the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially dates and dates);
- eating small meals;
- exclusion of long intervals between meals;
- compiling a menu taking into account the GI of products;
- minimizing salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as convenience foods and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- the use of boiled, baked and steamed food.
Proper diet is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, must follow a proper and healthy diet:
- To maintain constant insulin levels, you need to eat a full breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat warm and moderately cold dishes with diabetes.
- Liquids can be drunk either half an hour before meals or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or liquids during the meal.
- It is important to stick to the routine. Eating five to six times a day helps prevent a sharp rise in blood glucose levels.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, low-fat dairy products, vegetables and fruits, cereals.
- Diabetics should give up sugar and any product that contains it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of the dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or non-carbonated mineral water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called "bread unit" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much useful substances will be converted into energy for the body, then GI is an indicator of digestibility of carbohydrate products. It shows how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed, while raising blood sugar levels.
What diabetics can eat following a diet and table number 9
Many patients, after hearing the word "diet", consider it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be limited to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Dietary therapy for a disease means limiting caloric intake, consuming complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Food can be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help with both weight management and maintaining normal insulin levels.
Patients are allowed to use the following products:
- Of bread. It is preferable that it is black bread or products that are intended for diabetics. The daily rate is 300 gr. The use of grain, cereals and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is desirable that the first dishes are cooked in vegetable broth.
- Lean meat (beef, veal, rabbit, chicken) and fish: perch, carp, cod. Any method of preparation, only frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can consume no more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol levels.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, sour milk, mature fermented milk, natural yogurt).
- Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberry, apple, kiwi. Their consumption helps not only in increasing sugar, but also in reducing the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Drinks: juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the main thing is to observe the measure in everything. Food should not be greasy. You can't even drink alcohol.
Products allowed for people with an insulin-dependent form
Pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and is accompanied by increased appetite. In addition to using insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: mineral water without gas, seafood and low-fat fish, oats and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, dietary meat.
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Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed to follow dietary table no. 9. The diet includes six meals a day, excluding fats, fried foods, spicy, smoked meats, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food cooked in any way, with the exception of frying.
What not to do with diabetes: allowed and forbidden foods, sample menu
Every person suffering from a serious disease should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with aggravation.
The products presented in the list must be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace it with sweetener.
- Baking. This type of food is strongly discouraged. In addition to being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood glucose levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and canned food. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fats, mayonnaise.
- Milk with a high percentage of fat.
- Oatmeal and cereal-based products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You cannot eat certain vegetables with diabetes, but if they do not work for you, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweetened soda, concentrated or store-bought juices, compote, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. With any type of diabetes, especially with gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, chocolate with milk is prohibited.
- Alcoholic drink.
Allowed and prohibited products:
Proper nutrition, along with insulin delivery, is the key to good health. Observance of a diet, as well as the use of medications, the patient must be all his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
It is allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, brown;
- mushrooms;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnip;
- string beans;
- greens;
- carrots;
- beetroot;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumber;
- tomato.
Allowed use:
- eggs;
- berries;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- of bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- dairy products with a low percentage of fat;
- low-fat boiled sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic drink;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- dates;
- the dates;
- desserts (ice cream, jam, cakes, cookies);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- Canned food;
- smoked products and sausage;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fat dairy products;
- animal fats.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as such products provoke the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful ones, suitable in composition:
- White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
- Sweets and sweets - berries and diabetic sweets.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approximate weekly menu
You can make a menu for every day or immediately for the whole week yourself, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is a sample menu for the week.
The first day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Evening meal: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
The second day.
- Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: shortbread cookies.
- Lunch: fat-free borscht, millet porridge with baked Polish fillet, green tea.
- Snack: baked milk.
- Dinner: stew with pumpkins, kefir.
Third day.
- Breakfast: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Evening meal: rice porridge with milk, boiled shrimp, baked fermented milk.
The fourth day.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Evening meal: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
The fifth day.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: an apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, curd milk.
The sixth day.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and cookies.
- Lunch: soup with pieces of chicken and buckwheat, baked cod, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Evening meal: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
The seventh day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any fruit allowed.
- Lunch: rice soup, peppers stuffed with chicken, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled cabbage, kefir.
There can be six meals. But the main thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Dietary therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The main thing to understand is that a healthy diet in case of illness is the key to good health and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.